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SAM-116

Legumbres, hortalizas y frutas, no congeladas
Muestreo

Legumbres, hortalizas y frutas, no congeladas
Definición

(lista de códigos SA cubiertos por esta ficha)		 Vegetables, fruits and parts of plants, also prepared or preserved; boxed dried products; preparations made of vegetables, fruits and similar products, fresh, chilled, salted, in brine, dried or smoked.

For nuts see specific card for Loose grain and seeds.

For tobacco see specific card for Tobacco.

For frozen vegetables and fruits, see specific card for ‘Vegetables and fruits, frozen’.

For products in individual packages, including live plants see specific card for ‘Retail packages and finished articles’.

Legumbres, hortalizas y frutas, no congeladas
Cantidad mínima recomendada para cada muestra
  • 1 kg
Normas aplicables (ISO y normas de la UE) y legislación pertinente
  • ISO 7002 Productos agroalimentarios. Configuración de un método normalizado de muestreo a partir de un lote.
  • ISO 874 Frutas y verduras frescas: muestreo.
También debe consultar su legislación nacional y las directrices nacionales con respecto al muestreo.

Equipo necesario
La herramienta de muestreo recomendada dependerá del método de muestreo que se utilice
Contenedores que deben emplearse para la toma de muestras
  • Bolsas de plástico de distintos diseños y tamaños (P00)
  • Botellas de plástico de boca ancha, tamaño 500-1 000 ml (P03, P04)
  • Paper bags, different designs and sizes (R00, R01) or linen bags
The containers must be made of a material suitable for food.
Precauciones de seguridad y evaluación del riesgo
  • You should be aware of and follow any health and safety instructions in the local risk assessment and/or safe working practices for the location where the sampling is to take place.
  • See Health and Safety for the ‘Sampling of Food Products’ for detailed advice on hygiene and risks for fresh fruit and vegetables foods.
  • The hygiene of food products must be maintained.
  • Ensure you have clean and appropriate PPE for the circumstances.
  • Products of vegetable origin can be dusty or infested with agents that are dangerous to human health. Officers should make a risk assessment when they have sighted the consignment.
  • Officers should wear appropriate respiratory protection for exposure to dust.
  • High levels of dust in the air in combination with static electricity may generate a fire or explosion.

Plan de muestreo
Tipo de envío Procedimiento
Consignment for Customs clearance The aggregate sample consists of an appropriate number of incremental samples. When you are satisfied the consignment is homogeneous, one incremental sample is usually taken as representing the goods covered by the same customs declaration.

Productos sueltos en transportes, cisternas o contenedores Take one or more aggregate samples from incremental samples by random selection or systematically from the consignment or at not less than five conventional points (one in the middle plus four at the midpoints between the centre and the apexes at various heights). More aggregate samples may be created from containers containing different products or lots.

Where the goods are in large bulk containers it is recommended that you draw samples during loading or discharge.

Legumbres, hortalizas y frutas, en salmuera Una muestra agregada: usando un cazo de acero y guantes de látex, tome las cantidades de producto (por ej., legumbres, hortalizas y frutas en salmuera) de los bidones o barriles para formar la muestra agregada.

Take one aggregate sample using a steel ladle and latex gloves, take the quantities of product (e.g. vegetables or fruits in brine) from the drums or barrels to form the aggregate sample.

Consignments of mixed plant parts Take one aggregate sample: by random selection from different parts of the consignment, at least five conventional points (one at the top, three at different depths in the middle, and one at the bottom).

  • Consignments of mixed plants may be subject to a much wider variation throughout the package. Different particle sizes and specific gravity may lead to concentrations of different ingredients throughout the package.
  • Your sampling plan must take these variations into account to ensure the aggregate sample is representative of the consignment as a whole.
  • Similar care must be taken when dividing your aggregate sample to ensure that each final sample is representative of the whole.
Sacks and boxes (5 - 50 kg)
  • For small parts of plants (e.g. herb tea) a spear sampler or zone sampler pushed into the sack from the top to the bottom may be sufficient to draw representative samples.
  • For large parts of plants (e.g. ginseng roots) or mixtures containing these, it will be necessary to use other means:
    • Empty the sack or box on a clean flat surface and use the quartering method.
    • Lay the sack flat and cut an opening along the whole length and use a scoop to draw samples at various positions throughout the sack.
  • Where the consignment is large and it is not disproportionate - it may be preferable to take whole bags or boxes as samples.
Pallet boxes and big bags (>50 kg)
  • For small parts of plants (e.g. herb tea) a spear sampler or zone sampler pushed into the sack from the top to the bottom may be sufficient to draw representative samples.
  • For large parts of plants (e.g. ginseng roots) or mixtures containing these, it will be necessary to use other means:
    • If possible, empty the sack or box on a clean flat surface and use the quartering method.
    • Sampling may also be carried out when the product is discharged or moved to another container. Incremental samples should be drawn throughout the discharge.
Hemp from commercial plantations Samples must represent the average appearance (growth) of vegetation and quality of the harvest. At least 30 cm parts of female plants are taken from the field as samples. The male plants are not collected. Plants are collected during their blossoming systematically from different field parts excluding field borders.


Manipulación de las muestras
Observaciones generales
  • Los distintos lotes deben muestrearse por separado. Las etiquetas del envase pueden indicar si el envío contiene distintas remesas o fechas de producción y si los productos de distintas remesas varían en cuanto a su calidad.
  • Los envases abiertos, rotos o dañados de cualquier otro modo, así como los productos a punto de caducar o ya caducados generalmente no se muestrean a no ser que exista un motivo especial para hacerlo.
  • Utilice el equipo de muestreo y/o los guantes de látex para tomar las muestras elementales del producto y juntarlas en un contenedor de plástico diseñado para alimentos, para formar una única muestra agregada.
  • Cuando un envío se transporte en un contenedor con más de una zona o sección independiente, cada zona o sección debe ser tratada por separado en lo que se refiere a la toma de muestras.
Formulario de muestreo
  • Cumplimente el formulario de muestreo. Deberá adjuntar una copia a las muestras y conservar otra para archivar.
  • Record the state of the samples when taken — fresh, chilled, dried or salted — and indicate if you have frozen them.
Transporte
  • Deliver fresh and chilled samples to the laboratory promptly.
  • If samples are not transported immediately, they should be stored in either a refrigerator or a freezer.
  • Chilled samples should be chilled rapidly at a temperature of between 0 and 5 °C prior to shipping. Coolants: plastic containers filled with refrigerant are needed to keep sample units cool. If the product is highly perishable or at an advanced stage of maturity, the product must be frozen in order to prevent further deterioration.
Almacenamiento
  • Fresh and chilled samples should be stored in a refrigerator. Maintain the samples at a temperature of between 0 and 5 °C; the cooling chain should be recorded.
  • En caso de que el producto sea muy perecedero o de que ya esté muy maduro, habrá que congelarlo para evitar que se deteriore más. Debe supervisarse y registrarse la cadena de frío.

Legumbres, hortalizas y frutas, no congeladas (lista expandida)
Código SA Descripción


Revisiones
Versión Fecha Cambios
1.0 12.10.2012 Primera versión
1.1 15.01.2021 Update - New format and text modifications